Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023 http://www.ijsac.net/taxonomy/term/97 en COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIODIESEL AND PETROLEUM DIESEL http://www.ijsac.net/node/662 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIODIESEL AND PETROLEUM DIESEL</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:06</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Abstract</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span>The concerns on climate change, the high energy prices and the dwindling oil reserves and supplies have necessitated a strong interest in the research for alternative fuel sources. Biodiesel is an alternative renewable fuel that has gained massive attention in recent years. Studies on the physical properties of biodiesel have shown that it is completely miscible with petroleum diesel. Since the combustion of biodiesel emits particulate matter and gases which is lower than Petro diesel, combustion of biodiesel and biodiesel blends have shown a significant reduction in particulate matter and exhaust emissions. In this review paper, the use of pure biodiesel or biodiesel blends in terms of performance and exhaust emissions has been studied in comparison to petroleum diesel.</span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Keywords:</span></span></span></span></strong><span><span><span><span> biodiesel, transesterification, performance, exhaust emissions, Petro diesel.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-1.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=136532">V.8 N.2-2023-1.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Muhammad F. Yahaya,IsiomaNwadike, and Linus N. Okoro.</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:06:16 +0000ijsac662 at http://www.ijsac.net Teaching and learning management strategy for a basic medical science course http://www.ijsac.net/node/661 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Teaching and learning management strategy for a basic medical science course</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:05</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Abstract</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span>Basic medical science courses were delivered with accompanying white papers or curriculum documents in an effort to increase students’ motivation and responsibility towards independent learning. The supporting curriculum documents included students learning time and contact hours based on the forty notional hours. Students were provided with information on educational objectives, content, teaching strategies and instructional assessment, and the equivalence of each teaching and learning activity in terms of contact and student learning time hours. The equivalent hours of teaching and learning activity served as a guide to ensure instructors are not overloading their students. This strategy serves to better equip the students in their learning management in order to develop good independent learning habits and lifelong learning.</span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Keywords:</span></span></span></span></strong><span><span><span><span> Student-centred learning, notional hours, contact hours, student learning time, learning guide, independent learning, basic medical science.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-2.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=142269">V.8 N.2-2023-2.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Rosita Mohd.Hussain (given name), Khan (family name).</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:05:21 +0000ijsac661 at http://www.ijsac.net An Analysis of Gender Differences in Language from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle——A Case Study of Downton Abbey http://www.ijsac.net/node/660 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">An Analysis of Gender Differences in Language from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle——A Case Study of Downton Abbey</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:04</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Abstract:</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>Downton Abbey is a classic British drama in the setting of the two Industrial Revolutions and the World War </span></span></span></em><em><span><span><span>Ⅰ</span></span></span></em><em><span><span><span>. It presents to the audience a portrait of aristocratic families and servants living under a rigid hierarchy in the last century. The characters in the drama are numerous and distinctive, and the dialogues between different roles are full of unconscious humor. The equality between men and women has drawn more and more attention, and gender differences have become one of the hot issues today, including differences in language. By analyzing the differences, we can better understand the plot and characters. This paper will analyze the dialogue of characters in the first season of Downton Abbey from the perspective of the cooperative principle, so as to conclude the gender difference in language and explore the reasons.</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Key words:</span></span></span></strong><span><span><span> gender differences; the Cooperative Principle; Downton Abbey.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-3.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=261390">V.8 N.2-2023-3.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">ZHENG Jin</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:04:03 +0000ijsac660 at http://www.ijsac.net Investigate Students’ Performance in using Articles in Sudanese Secondary Schools http://www.ijsac.net/node/659 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Investigate Students’ Performance in using Articles in Sudanese Secondary Schools</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:03</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Abstract</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>This paper is an attempt to investigate the errors made by Sudanese secondary school students in handling  English articles. The sample selected for this study was (100) out of (200) students randomly chosen from the third level, Khartoum secondary school for girls. The subjects were from the same mother tongue (Arabic language. The students’ age range between (16-18) years. The data was collected through a test given to the students. It contained( 15) multiple choice questions, to choose one of the articles (a), (an), (the),or select no article at all. The analysis of the students errors showed that they commit errors as a result of interlingual and intralingual factors, and the main factor was mother tongue interference (44%). The highest of errors was in zero article (43.52%), where as the lowest percentage was in indefinite article (an) (7.60%).</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Key Words:</span></span></span></strong><span><span><span> language , English articles , Students’ Performance.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-4.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=168090">V.8 N.2-2023-4.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Mona Elamin Elnour Ali</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:03:06 +0000ijsac659 at http://www.ijsac.net ENFORCEMENT STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES OF HAZARDOUS WASTES REGULATION http://www.ijsac.net/node/658 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">ENFORCEMENT STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES OF HAZARDOUS WASTES REGULATION</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:02</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>ABSTRACT</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span>Industrial sector in Malaysia continues to grow but with undesirable environmental impacts including higher generation of hazardous wastes. Malaysia regulates environmental problems mainly through the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and its regulations. However, the effectiveness of these laws is determined by their enforcement. This paper aimed to determine strategy used by the Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE) in enforcing hazardous waste regulations as well as to identify and describe practical challenges conf ronting the regulator in undertaking the enforcement tasks. In doing so, the researchers undertook face-to-face key informant interviews with DOE officers involved in enforcement and carried out participant observation of regulatory enforcement routines by following the officers in the study area. The results of this study indicated that although the respondents used mixes of regulatory strategies in enforcing the hazardous waste regulations, they had an inclination towards a ‘compliance’ strategy. The study also found that,  common  enforcement  hindrances especially insufficient institutional capacity and lack of public awareness hindered an effective enforcement of the laws.</span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Keywords:</span></span></span></span></strong><span><span><span><span> Hazardous waste, scheduled waste, regulation, enforcement, challenges.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-5.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=205097">V.8 N.2-2023-5.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Noranisa Misrania and Maizatun Mustafac </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:02:12 +0000ijsac658 at http://www.ijsac.net THE SPEAKING ABILITY IMPROVEMENT ON THE PRESCHOOLERS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY THROUGH SPEECH THERAPY http://www.ijsac.net/node/657 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">THE SPEAKING ABILITY IMPROVEMENT ON THE PRESCHOOLERS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY THROUGH SPEECH THERAPY</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:01</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Abstract</span></span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span><span>The Speaking Ability Improvement on the Preschooler with Cerebral Palsy through Speech Therapy. This study aims to improve the speaking ability of the preschoolers with cerebral palsy through speech therapy, and describe the child's ability to speak before action, during action, and after action. The subject is preschoolers with cerebral palsy at Sekolah Luar Biasa YPAC Manado, who are 4 children. This study uses the action research conducted in three cycles, each cycle includes three phases, i.e. planning, execution and observation, and reflection. The results show that the speech ability can be enhanced through the use of speech quality improvement. The speech ability improvement is reinforced with a difference of the initial assessment results, which is 21.5%, and the final result (77.5%), that is significant.</span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span><span>Keywords:</span></span></span></span></strong><span><span><span><span> speaking ability, preschoolers, cerebral palsy, speech therapy.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-6.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=149535">V.8 N.2-2023-6.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Ni Luh Putri</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:01:24 +0000ijsac657 at http://www.ijsac.net Solving the Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Problem http://www.ijsac.net/node/656 <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Solving the Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Problem</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/2" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">ijsac</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--current-issue.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Sun, 03/05/2023 - 20:00</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Abstract</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>Vocabulary is one of the hottest issues among Chinese students and teachers. Many students have difficulty in vocabulary learning, and teachers try their best in vocabulary, but the result is still not so pleasant. This phenomenon arouses many thinking and reflections. Someone pointed out there exist some misunderstandings in vocabulary teaching and learning. For example, the vocabulary teaching was cut off from the language situation; vocabulary learning without strategy guiding; and the enhancement of vocabulary lacked practice. The traditional way to vocabulary teaching is based on the word list in the textbook, which is boring for the students. Even the teachers make effort to complete the task, but the result is still unpleasant. Thus an action research was designed to try to solve the vocabulary teaching and learning problem. The results show that: The action research could improve students’ vocabulary knowledge and the ability of language use, and then internalize the knowledge; the action research could guide students in effective strategy of learning and remembering words; the action research could enhance the review job; the personal notebook could help student form a good habit of systematically review. Also to the teacher, they could know the students’ study condition. This can form a positive cycle between the teacher and the students.</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span><strong><span><span><span>Key words:</span></span></span></strong><span><span><span> vocabulary teaching, effectiveness, action research, contextual approach.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p> </p></div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-file--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-file.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-file.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-file field--type-file field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">File</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"><a href="http://www.ijsac.net/sites/default/files/2023-03/V.8%20N.2-2023-7.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=286418">V.8 N.2-2023-7.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-version--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-version.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-version.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-version field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Version</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/97" hreflang="en">Vol. 8 No. 3 March, 2023</a></div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--current-issue.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--current-issue.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Wei Pang Han</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/classy/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Sun, 05 Mar 2023 14:00:16 +0000ijsac656 at http://www.ijsac.net