Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Youth Sexual Behaviour and Sex Education

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:52:01 +0000

Youth Sexual Behaviour and Sex Education ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:52

Abstract

Despite the presence of aspects of Sex Education in the curriculum in secondary schools in Kenya, youth involvement in sexual immorality is still rampant. This paper is a response to this situation. Its main concern is to assess the relationship between youth sexual behaviour and exposure to aspects of Sex Education in Kenya with a view to determining the way forward in controlling youth sexual behaviour. The study adopts a multi-dimensional approach to data collection. It integrates both secondary and primary sources of data to collect both qualitative and quantitative data through various methods. Collected data is then analyzed for results and recommendations. In this paper it is established that majority of students in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu District are sexually active as shown by statistics on their sexual experiences, and illustrated by indicators of sexual intercourse which include pregnancies, abortions, and STI’s including HIV. The situation of Sex Education in secondary schools in Kenya is also presented as mainly confusing leading to clear suggestions as to how SE education can be strengthened to change behaviour.

Key Words: Youth, Sexual Behaviour, Sex Education, Curriculum.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-1.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

Hellen Sitawa Wanyonyi

SUSTAINING VALUE CREATION WITH COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES ALIGNMENT

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:51:05 +0000

SUSTAINING VALUE CREATION WITH COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES ALIGNMENT ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:51

Abstract

Firm creates value within its value chain (VC) and value systems (VS). As technologies exist in the firm’s VC and VS, they have becoming more complementary than replacing each other. Technological change that affects the activities in the firm’s VC and/or VS iscausing misalignment to the firm’s existing complementary technologies, which will affect not just the firm’s value creation activities but also the value creation of the members in the systems. It is argued value creation can be sustained if the firm is able to continuously create alignment among the complementary technologies in its VC and/or with the other members’ VCs. Guided with the concept of complementary assets alignment from dynamic capability (DC) perspective, the objective of this conceptual paper is to highlight a conceptual framework for sustaining value creation by creating alignment among the complementary technologies within the firm’s VC and VS in response of technological change.

Keywords: Complementary assets alignment, Complementary technologies, Dynamic capability, Technological change, Technology management, Value chain, Value creation, Value systems.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-2.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

MohamadFaizal Ahmad Zaidi

The relationships among teacher perceptions on professional learning community, collective efficacy, gender, and school level

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:50:02 +0000

The relationships among teacher perceptions on professional learning community, collective efficacy, gender, and school level ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:50

Abstract

This study examined the relationships among teacher perceptions on professional learning community (PLC), school organizational culture (SOC), and school level. Participants were 382 elementary school teachers and secondary school teachers in central Taiwan. The analytical results showed a positive correlation between teacher perceived PLC and SOC,i.e., perceived PLC could predict perceived SOC. Atclan and hierarchical culture levels, the PLC dimension structural condition was strong estpredictor of perceived SOC. At market and adhocracy culture levels, however, human and social resources dimension was the best predictor. Moreover, elementary school teachers differed significantly from their secondary school counterparts in perceived PLC and SOC.

Keywords: Professional learning community, school organizational culture, school level.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-3.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

Su-ching Lin

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ACT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2023 AMENDMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:48:39 +0000

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP ACT: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2023 AMENDMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:48

ABSTRACT

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the 2023 amendments to Tanzania's Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Act and their implications for infrastructure development. Public-Private Partnerships involve collaborations where private sector entities undertake various roles, such as renovation, construction, and management of facilities, in exchange for financial compensation and benefits. The PPP Act, originally enacted in 2010, is the principal law regulating such partnerships across multiple sectors in Tanzania. The 2023 amendments reflect the government's ongoing efforts to position Tanzania as a favorable investment destination by refining the legal framework governing PPPs. Key amendments include the introduction of strategic projects, enhanced definitions of critical terms such as Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) and Strategic Project, mandatory prefeasibility studies, and a streamlined project evaluation process. Additionally, the amendments introduce significant legal clarifications and financial incentives aimed at attracting private sector investment, including tax benefits and government guarantees. The legal implications of these amendments are far-reaching, enhancing clarity, transparency, and governance within the PPP framework. By facilitating efficient project implementation and fostering collaboration between public and private sectors, these changes aim to bolster investor confidence and promote sustainable development. This article delves into the practical challenges and strategic benefits associated with the amended PPP Act, offering insights into its potential impact on Tanzania's infrastructure landscape.

Key Words: Implications, Infrastructure, amendments, government, strategic project

File

V.9 N.7-2024-4.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

NDIGWAKO, Joel

A Critical Analysis of Turkiye’s Role in AU’s Peace and Security Architecture: The need for multilateral security approach

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:47:38 +0000

A Critical Analysis of Turkiye’s Role in AU’s Peace and Security Architecture: The need for multilateral security approach ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:47

Abstract

The Middle-East-Africa relations in socio-cultural, economic, political and diplomatic terms has been in existence for centuries. However in the last decade, there has been increased engagement between the two regions perhaps informed by geopolitical and geostrategic reasons. Turkey, one of the main actors from the Middle East has for instance heightened its security intercourse with the sub-Saharan Africa. This study thus examines the performance of Turkiye’s bilateral security arrangement in Africa, discerning the strengths and weaknesses of such engagement and at the same time underscoring the need for a multilateral security cooperation. To achieve this objective, the study focuses on Turkiye’s peace building initiatives, their role in agenda setting and training of security agencies in the continent. The primary data used to corroborate the secondary sources was obtained through interviews with experts. Expert opinions among security officials, diplomats and scholars who are versed with the subject were sought. The data analysis entailed triangulation of the forms of data collected, that is, for both primary and secondary sources. The findings of this study depicts that though Turkiye has played a vital role in promoting human security in Africa, it has largely done so on a bilateral basis. The complex security environment in Africa however requires a shift from bilateral to multilateral approach. Turkiye thus needs to engage Africa at a multilateral level such as APSA. Turkiye-APSA relations would be symbiotic with the middle-east country sharing its experiences, resources, skills, technology while at the same time gaining more diplomatically. This relations would be key in enhancing the effectiveness of both early warning and early response mechanisms.

Key terms: Peace, Security, Kenya, sub-Saharan Africa, Turkiye

File

V.9 N.7-2024-5_0.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

Dr. Mwiti Njagi, PhD.

SHARIAH JURISTICAL EFFECT OF GHARAR IN PREDETERMINING TAKAFUL CONTRIBUTION

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:44:18 +0000

SHARIAH JURISTICAL EFFECT OF GHARAR IN PREDETERMINING TAKAFUL CONTRIBUTION ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:44

Abstract

The paper attempts to ascertain theact of applying gharar (risk) in predetermining Takaful contribution (premium) hence to offera juristic opinion from Islamic Shariah perspective. The general concept of gharar will be comprehended and briefly compared with the concept of risk. Subsequently, the act of making a gharar in fixing the Takaful contribution will bedebated and juristically analysed. The paper, however, does not attempt to reassess the Muslim jurists’ ruling on the permissibility of neither insurance nor takaful.It is concluded that the gharar (risk) in principle is a subject that is recognized in Islam. It would then lead to main inference that making a gharar (risk) asa consideration in contribution calculation is permissible from Shariah perspective.

KEYWORDS: Risk, Gharar, Insurance, Takaful.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-6.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

SALMAN BIN LAMBAK

Institutional Care of the Mentally Ill in Nineteenth-Century Jamaica

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:42:52 +0000

Institutional Care of the Mentally Ill in Nineteenth-Century Jamaica ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:42

Abstract

This paper examines the conditions under which persons designated as lunatics in nineteenth- century Jamaica were treated in the solitary facility then in existence. It chronicles the spate of infrastructural and treatment-related challenges which made admission to the Lunatic Asylum in Kingston tantamount to a virtual death sentence, irrespective of race or social class. Indeed,the litany of reported abuses prompted two separate official investigations into the functioning of the Lunatic Asylum as it was then called. The paper also assesses the reformation in the standards and policies of state care, changes which were prompted by the findings of the 1861 Commission of Inquiry and by the relocation of the Asylum to a more accommodating site at its present location, Bellevue on Windward Road in Kingston, Jamaica.

Keywords: Lunatics, treatment, nineteenth-century,Kingston, Asylum, Commission of Inquiry, reformation.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-7.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

Jenny Jemmott (PH.D)

Appraising Landscape Design Education in Architecture Departments in Nigerian Universities

ijsac — Sat, 10 Aug 2024 13:41:36 +0000

Appraising Landscape Design Education in Architecture Departments in Nigerian Universities ijsac Sat, 08/10/2024 - 19:41

Abstract

For a developing country like Nigeria to respond effectively to the global challenges of environmental beautification, landscape design needs to be adequately taught in tertiary Institutions. At present, only a few tertiary Institutions in Nigeria offer landscape courses. Management capacities are limited in the field of landscape design. Thus, there is the need to develop strategies to equip architecture students with the knowledge of landscape design so as to support local and regional development in Nigeria. Using the literature review and case study approach, the paper critically discusses the need and importance of landscape design education in tertiary Institutions in Nigeria and the implication of the absence for the nation Nigeria. It further appraised the level of landscape education in selected universities in southwest Nigeria. The paper revealed the inadequacy of effective landscape education in the selected Institution and concludes that unless these are improved upon, Nigeria will not benefit much from the graduates in terms of environmental beautification as well as showcasing the cities and taking advantage of the huge opportunities, landscaping offers.

Keywords: Architecture, Education, Effective, Landscape design, Nigeria Universities, Pedagogy.

File

V.9 N.7-2024-8.pdf

Version

Vol. 9 No. 8 August, 2024

Author

Adedeji, Y.M.D