Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NIGERIAN HONEY AGAINST WOUND-BORNE PATHOGENS

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:49:24 +0000

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NIGERIAN HONEY AGAINST WOUND-BORNE PATHOGENS ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:49

Abstract

The challenge of the continuous development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria is a major health concern worldwide. The efforts at finding solutions to this challenge have led to the development of interest and investigation on the use of natural honey in the treatment of bacterial infections. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the efficacy of the Nigerian natural honey in the treatment of wound infections. Samples of honey purchased from Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria were investigated for antimicrobial effect, using bacterial isolates from infected wound swabs, that were cultured and examined for morphological and biochemical characteristics by standard methods. The antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the honey samples were determined by doubling dilution and agar diffusion methods. The bacterial isolates reacted differently to the various concentrations of honey. The MIC ranged between 7.5 mg/ml to 1.88 mg/ml for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes; while Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae both had MIC of 3.75 mg/ml. The MBC values ranged between 7.5 mg/ml to 1.88 mg/ml for all the bacterial isolates. This study confirms the suitability of the Nigerian honey as therapeutic agent against infection by the tested bacteria pathogens. The need for international standardization of the quality of honey products for therapeutic and prophylactic application was also discussed.

Keywords: Nigerian honey, Antibiotic resistance, Wound infection, Bacterial pathogens, Effective chemotherapy.

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V.9 N.8-2024-1.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Moro, Dauphin Dighitoghi*, Sansa Tunde Lateef

The geographic distribution, variations and floristic associations of wild Cruciferae: Cardamine hirsuta and Arabidopsis thaliana; with historical reference on herbarium voucher specimens in Kenya

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:48:19 +0000

The geographic distribution, variations and floristic associations of wild Cruciferae: Cardamine hirsuta and Arabidopsis thaliana; with historical reference on herbarium voucher specimens in Kenya ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:48

Abstract

Monitoring of plant species presence in past recorded sites helps to establish whether there is a shift of the species with respect to elevation gradient; and also assess other potential natural and anthropogenic factors that may be attributed to any possibility of shift or change in the species spatial, temporal and geographic distribution. This study attempted to trace the spatial and geographic distribution of the two related members of the family Cruciferae: Cardamine and Arabidopsis. The variations observed in leaf morphology of the Cruciferae representatives in this study have been associated with local growth and patterning, whereas their siliquae show striking similarity in structure and dispersal mechanisms. Floristic associations of the genus Cardamine and Arabidopsis comprise Salvia nilotica, Geranium arabicum, Artemisia afra, Veronica javanica, Trifolium sp., Hebenstretia angolensis, Galium sp., Oxalis corniculata and Kniphofia thomsonii. From the survey of the favourable growth sites for Cardamine and Arabidopsis, Mt. Elgon and Mt. Kenya (Chogoria Route) provided good conditions for germination, establishment and spatial distribution. Observed anthropogenic impacts to the montane Cruciferae habitats include large wild herbivore grazing, livestock grazing, road construction, and forest fires.

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V.9 N.8-2024-2.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Chebii W. Kibet

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP, SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:47:05 +0000

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP, SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE, AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:47

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the relationship between principal's leadership, school organizational climate, and teachers' job performance. The population comprised 164 teachers at State Senior High Schools in Merauke regency. In order to have representative samples, the researcher used the table of Krecjie. Based on the table of Krecjie, if the population is approximately 160-170, then the sample size could be approximately 113-118. For this research, the sample was 118 state senior high schools’ teachers or 71.95 % of the population. Questionnaires were the main tool of the research to collect data. The data were given quantitative treatment. In order that data were analyzed well, the researcher using the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 for Windows. Based on the data analyses, the research revealed that: (a) there was a significant relationship between principal’s leadership and teachers’ job performance at state senior high schools in Merauke regency, Papua; and (b) there was a significant relationship between school organizational climate and teachers’ job performance at state senior high schools in Merauke regency, Papua.

Keywords: principal’s leadership, school organizational climate, teachers’ job performance, state senior high schools, Merauke regency

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V.9 N.8-2024-3.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Abasiama W. Mwilaria & Nyaga Ouazar Wairimu

PROTECTION OF CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS IN TANZANIA

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:46:05 +0000

PROTECTION OF CUSTOMARY LAND RIGHTS IN TANZANIA ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:46

ABSTRACT

In many developing countries, the majority of land is held under customary tenure. Despite the Constitutional and legislative guarantee on the recognition and protection of the customary land rights in Tanzania, customary land tenure suffers from inadequate legal protection. Section 18 (1) of the Village Land Act, 1999 provides that, a customary right of occupancy is in every respect of equal status and effect to a granted right of occupancy. However, in the contrary, the Land Act, 1999 provides that, a customary right of occupancy can be uprooted in favour of the granted right of occupancy. The Land Act, 1999 also provides that, when granted right of occupancy conflicts with customary right of occupancy, the customary right of occupancy will be defeated. The study employed the doctrinal legal research to assess the protection of customary land right in Tanzania. The observations which were made in the course of this study revealed that, although majority of Tanzanians own their un-surveyed lands under customary right of occupancy, nevertheless, the land laws failed to serve the purpose of protecting the customary land rights against the granted right of occupancy. Thus, resulting to a total denial of the land rights of the majority of Tanzanians who own their lands under customary tenure. It is recommended that; the government should amend the laws which hinder the protection of the customary land rights in order to strengthen the protection of the customary land tenure in Tanzania.

Key words: Protection; customary land rights; Land laws; Tanzania.

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V.9 N.8-2024-4.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Zena M. Happe

FRAMEWORK OF DEVELOPMENT MODULE OF HOLISTIC LEADERSHIP TRAINING

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:45:07 +0000

FRAMEWORK OF DEVELOPMENT MODULE OF HOLISTIC LEADERSHIP TRAINING ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:45

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework of Development Module of Holistic Leadership Training, which are facing global challenges. It is related to the concept of human development where they need to be developed and nurtured in a holistic manner from both physical and spiritual aspects in accordance with the nature of creation to create a life that is pleasing to the Creator. Human today are in pursuit to get to the peak of development based on science and technology to face global challenges. Through the development of science and technology, they are fully exploiting the bounty of natural resources and facilities for the comfort of God in their lives. However, one fact that is hard to deny the nature and pattern of development carried out by leadership today have caused so much crises or problems either to the community or physical environment. Transformed by today’s human evolution; marked by the increased crime rates, the collapse of the family institution, increased symptoms of moral decay in society, the emergence of unethical younger generation, damages to the environment and other social problems are getting chronic. Looking at the social and cultural development, it is important to have an assessment and review the model of development and education. Paradigm or archetype for the development of a society will determine the type and pattern of development and education that will be carried out within the community. The concept of development and education based on basic and incomprehensive views will not produce any better result from what we have now.

Keywords: Development Module of Holistic Leadership Training, Global Challenges

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Dr. Mohammad F. Ridhwan

Child labour in rural and urban Kenyan settings: A comparative study of Kakuzi location, Murang’a County and Kibera slum, Nairobi County

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:43:58 +0000

Child labour in rural and urban Kenyan settings: A comparative study of Kakuzi location, Murang’a County and Kibera slum, Nairobi County ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:43

Abstract

This paper is drawn from a study that was done in 2014 in Kenya. The study focuses on child labour-a typical issue of concern in Kenya and beyond. More specifically, the study explores in detail the phenomenon of child labour in rural and urban Kenyan settings taking the cases of Kakuzi location, Murang’a County and Kibera slum, Nairobi County. To achieve this broad objective, the study was guided by four research questions namely; (a) what is the nature of child labour?; (b) what is the magnitude of child labour?; (c) what are the determinants of child labour and (d) what are the consequences of child labour in Kenya? A comparative survey research of a total of 160 female heads of households was undertaken in the two study sites. The study found out that there are more opportunities for child labour in rural areas than in urban areas. Hence, it was found that child labour is apparently more common in the rural areas as compared to urban areas. Commercial agriculture is the main sector that demands the use of child labour in rural areas while domestic labour is the greatest consumer of child labour in urban areas. The findings further suggested measures that can address the problem of child labour in Kenya including; (a) improved access to education; (b) economic empowerment of parents/guardians; (c) proper enforcement of law safeguarding children’s rights and (d) provision of basic necessities to the affected children.

Keywords: Child labour, rural, urban, Kenya

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V.9 N.8-2024-6.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Grace Kathure Mugo, Paul N. Mbatia

INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES ACCREDITATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

ijsac — Sun, 08 Sep 2024 05:42:25 +0000

INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES ACCREDITATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES ijsac Sun, 09/08/2024 - 11:42

Abstract

The study examined instruments and procedures for academic programmes accreditation in Nigerian Universities. Two hundred and sixty-seven (267) respondents comprised of Directors of Academic Planning, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academics) and Deans of Faculties were selected from Nigeria Universities using Taro Yamen Formular. The research instrument that was used for data collection was Instruments and Procedures for Academic Programmes Accreditation Questionnaire tagged “(IPAPAQ)” (r = 0.68) and document analysis released by the appropriate agency. Two research questions were postulated and data were analysed using mean score and rank order statistical tool. Results showed that the respondents are aware that Self Study Form (SSF), Bench Mark Minimum Academic Standard (BMAS), Programme Evaluation Form (PEF), and Accreditation Panel Report Form (APRF) are instruments employed by the NUC for Programme Accreditation exercises as their mean scores (2.91, 2.89, 2.44, 2.39, 2.42) are more than the criterion mean score (2.50). The results also confirmed that the process, timing and notices for accreditation are timely and convenient as the mean scores (2.53, 2.63, 2.68, 2.35, 3.00) are greater than the criterion mean score (2.50). Therefore, the study recommended that National Universities Commission should continue to formulate the rules, standards and conditions governing assessment and academic accreditation, as well as the procedures which guarantee their application in the various academic institutions.

Keywords: Instruments, Procedures, Academic Programmes, Accreditation, Universities

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V.9 N.8-2024-7.pdf

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Vol. 9 No. 9 September, 2024

Author

Dr. Andanje Rintaugu & Elijah I. Muhalia