Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Perceptions of Smallholder Farmers on Land use Conflicts in Rufiji District, Tanzania

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:13:27 +0000

Perceptions of Smallholder Farmers on Land use Conflicts in Rufiji District, Tanzania ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:13

Abstract

This paper is based on a study conducted in Rufiji district in Tanzania, where farmer-herder conflicts have been reported. The purpose of the study was to examine smallholder farmers’ perceptions of the drivers of farmer-herder conflicts in view of adding empirical data to the existing political ecology and environmental/resource scarcity paradigms that explain the sources of such conflicts. The key respondents were smallholder farmers, agriculture extension workers, and ward executive officers in the Rufiji district. Primary data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs), questionnaires, key informant interviews and non-participant observation. It was revealed that most farmers attributed farmer-herder conflicts to poor coordination in resettling in-migrants, corrupt tendencies among the local government officials, insecure land tenure, inadequacy of capacity of the local institutions, and sheer irresponsibility of the herders. The paper recommends that farmer-herder conflict resolution should not only be informed by resource scarcity paradigm but also by other socio-economic and political processes that perpetuate those conflicts.

Key words: Farmer-herder conflicts, smallholder farmers, local perceptions, political ecology, resource scarcity

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4.9.1.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

Peter Samwel Semiono, Elliott P. Niboye .

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF INNOVATIVE SMES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:12:04 +0000

RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF INNOVATIVE SMES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:12

From the perspective of the world economic development trend, since the beginning of the 21st century, global science and technology innovation has entered an unprecedentedly active period. A new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is reshaping the global innovation landscape and reshaping the global economic structure. Countries are looking for breakthroughs in technological innovation and seize the opportunities for future economic development. The emergence of new technologies has enabled technology-based enterprises to occupy the market in just 5-10 years, and those with low technology content will find it difficult to survive in the market competition.

From the perspective of the law of human industrial development, since the mid-18th century, it has experienced three revolutions in the steam, electrical and information ages. Now, human beings have quietly entered the fourth industrial revolution era represented by artificial intelligence, robotics, Internet of Things, clean energy, quantum information technology, virtual reality and biotechnology. Every industrial revolution is accomplished with the participation of enterprises. Whoever can seize the opportunities and take advantage of the situation will have the opportunity to become the tide of the times. No matter what industry, regardless of the size of the enterprise, the level of science and technology and the ability to innovate are the key to the survival and development of the enterprise, and the core competitiveness of the enterprise.

Innovative SMEs are companies that survive on innovation and achieve sustainable development. Through innovation, we can achieve effective allocation of enterprise resources, form a good governance structure and high-performance operation practices. Innovative SMEs, as the mainstay of innovation, have become an important foundation for national economic growth and regional economic development, resisting economic crises, promoting economic development, increasing export earnings, providing social services, narrowing urban-rural gaps and regional development gaps, and promoting social full employment. In terms of aspect, it plays an increasingly important role. Many of the world's most innovative companies are full of innovative ideas, from far-sighted companies to legendary figures, proving the transformative power of innovative SMEs in the new era.

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4.9.2.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

NI JUN, LAW KIAN AUN.

COMPETITIVENESS PROMOTION STRATEGY OF GUANGDONG PROPERTY INSURANCE COMPANY ON CUSTOMER LEVEL

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:10:38 +0000

COMPETITIVENESS PROMOTION STRATEGY OF GUANGDONG PROPERTY INSURANCE COMPANY ON CUSTOMER LEVEL ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:10

Under the new economic situation, the change of modern marketing concept makes customer-oriented enterprise competition gradually replace product-oriented enterprise competition, and customer assets become the source of enterprise value. Scholars in the theoretical circle begin to turn their attention to improve enterprise competitiveness from the perspective of customer assets. At present, the research on the development of the theory and practice is in the development stage, and more exploration by management practitioners and more valuable research results by theoretical scholars are needed to provide reasonable support for it. Aiming at the current situation of the development of enterprise competitiveness, how the enterprise better enhance their competitive advantage from the point of view of customer asset management and improve the force of sustainable development are the most urgent problem need to be solved by those enterprise managers who are guided by the customer asset management theory. Therefore, research on customer assets has practical impacts on promoting the enterprise competitiveness.

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4.9.3.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

QI DE GUO, LAW KIAN AUN.

THE DIMENSION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN CHINA'S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-BASED SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:09:03 +0000

THE DIMENSION OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN CHINA'S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-BASED SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:09

Since the 1980s, the mutual penetration and role of knowledge and economy have become stronger and stronger, which has caused a fundamental change in the global economy. On the one hand, knowledge factors have a higher degree of participation in economic activities; In the economic activities aimed at improving competitiveness, the knowledge orientation is continuously enhanced, and the knowledge content of products and services is continuously increasing.Today, economic growth is more dependent on the production, diffusion and application of knowledge than ever before new Economic form the knowledge economy, with its vigorous vitality, indicates that the 21st century will be the era of knowledge economy.The famous management guru Peter Drucker puts: "What is knowledge? Knowledge is our primary wealth." Knowledge and wealth will be unanimously unified, and the richer knowledge will be the richest person in material wealth. According to estimates by the American Association of Future Studies, in 2010, the wealthiest people will be knowledge tycoons, 60% to 70% of the most profitable jobs will be held for them.In modern society, knowledge products have become the fashion of society, and knowledge has truly become synonymous with wealth. The investment in intangible assets is much faster than the investment in tangible assets.At present, many intangible assets of high-tech companies in the United States have exceeded 60% of total assets. People with knowledge get higher paying jobs, and companies with most independent intellectual property rights are the best in the market.

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4.9.4.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

CHEN YUPING, LAW KIAN AUN.

Responsibility to Protect: A Legal Rule or Legal Farce?

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:06:49 +0000

Responsibility to Protect: A Legal Rule or Legal Farce? ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:06

Abstract

The adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in 2001 was to herald a new way in thinking and a novel model for conflict building and management and the protection of individuals from mass atrocity crimes. Today, R2P represents fragmentation, and has been a source of consternation amongst academics, policy makers and various other actors in the international community. This paper examines the challenges facing this principle. Despite the fermentation of the doctrine nearly twelve years ago, there are still deep unsolved and divisive issues that threaten its operational success. The paper gives a brief overview of the development of R2P and examines the thorny issue of R2P’s status in international law and order. The debate around who in the international community has the right to intervene and under whose authority in order to ensure R2P is a success will also be discussed. The paper concludes by noting that whilst there are many challenges facing, they are not insurmountable.

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4.9.5.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

Martin W. Nguruk, Pauline W. Nguru.

Planning For Your Oral Defense

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:04:17 +0000

Planning For Your Oral Defense ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:04

Abstract

The oral defence is an opportunity for a doctoral candidate to defend his or her dissertation. This paper attempts to develop an insight into the preparations that a doctoral candidate needs to make before he or she is going to defend the dissertation. The advantage of oral preparation is that it promotes confidence among the students who are going to defend their work. The paper further looks at the defence procedure involved when an oral examination is conducted. A number of institutions have rules governing the conduct of the examination. This is followed by a discussion of the questioning criteria for oral examinations. A variety of questions both general and specific could be asked.

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4.9.6.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

Andrew Dietrich Möwes.

An Analysis of Strengthening the Construction of Ideological and Political Work of China’s Normal University Students under New Circumstances.

ijsac — Sat, 05 Oct 2019 07:01:30 +0000

An Analysis of Strengthening the Construction of Ideological and Political Work of China’s Normal University Students under New Circumstances. ijsac Sat, 10/05/2019 - 13:01

Abstract

The current new circumstance of our country’s political and economic social development brings both new problems and challenges to college students' ideological and political education work. As the main front of the growth of college students, the university should change its mode of education from the traditional to the totally new one -- Taking students based ideological and political education mode, which requires that the educational workers in this filed must rely on a variety of ways to implement it, so as to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of ideological and political work.

Key words: new circumstances; colleges and universities; ideological and political work

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4.9.7_0.pdf

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Vol. 4 No. 9 September, 2019

Author

Zhang Hao.